Code Verification of Non-Newtonian Fluid Solvers for Single- and Two-Phase Laminar Flows

Abstract The presence of complex fluids in nature and industrial applications combined with the rapid growth computer power over past decades has led to an increasing number numerical studies non-Newtonian flows. In most cases, models can be implemented existing Newtonian solvers by relatively simple modifications viscosity. However, due scarcity analytical solutions for fluid flows widespread use regularization methods, performing rigorous code verification is a challenging task. method manufactured (MMS) powerful tool generate verification. this article, we present discuss results three exercises based on MMS: (i) steady single-phase flow; (ii) unsteady two-phase flow smooth interface; (iii) free surface. first second showed that possible both single- third exercise revealed “spurious velocities” typical free-surface calculations Volume-of-Fluid model lead viscosities” fluid. procedure illustrated herein second-order finite volume solver, using regularized Herschel-Bulkley as example. same methodology however applicable any solver all rheological falling under class generalized models.